Healthcare Worker Safety in Nepal: Legislative Progress and Ongoing Challenges

Background: Violence against healthcare workers is a global public health concern. In Nepal, attacks on medical professionals have increased alarmingly. This review documents the legislative campaign led by the Nepal Medical Association (NMA) for worker safety. The landmark Healthcare Worker Safety Ordinance (2079 BS) was enacted in 2022 after sustained advocacy. The ordinance criminalizes physical attacks on healthcare workers and damage to medical facilities. However, implementation gaps remain. This paper reviews the historical context, legislative achievements, and unresolved challenges in ensuring healthcare worker safety in Nepal.