Dengue Fever: Changing Epidemiology and Clinical Profile in Kathmandu Valley

Background: Dengue fever has emerged as a significant public health problem in Nepal, with increasing reports from previously non-endemic areas including Kathmandu. Methods: A retrospective analysis of dengue cases admitted to NAMS Bir Hospital from 2018-2019 was conducted. Results: 312 confirmed dengue cases were analyzed. The majority were NS1 positive (67.3%). Classic dengue fever was most common (78.5%), followed by dengue hemorrhagic fever (18.6%). Thrombocytopenia (<100,000/μL) occurred in 72.4%. No deaths were recorded. Platelet transfusion was required in 15.4% of cases. Conclusions: Dengue is now endemic in Kathmandu with classic and hemorrhagic presentations. Climate change and urbanization are key drivers. Strengthened surveillance and vector control are essential.